Editing 40d:Economics

{{quality|Masterwork|03:33 27 December 2011 (UTC)}}{{av}}
:''For the game concept added with the baron, see [[Dwarven economy]].''

= Overall Economic Flowchart =
[[Image:Production_chain.gif|thumb|400px|'''Production chain for all workshops'''.<br /> Simplified or out of date - many arrows missing!<br />''(Click to enlarge)'']]Each process on the economic flowchart has the following components:
* Inputs (on left) - the process will use up these raw materials.
* Means/Job - either a [[building]] where the process is assigned, or (if in italics) a tool which the worker must have to carry out the process. Following the slash is a job title - this job must be enabled on a [[dwarf]] or that dwarf will not participate in that level of the economic path. 
* Outputs (on right) - These are the goods that are produced by the economic activity in question.
<br /> <br />


== Raw Materials ==

[[Wall]]s -> <I>[[Pick]]</I>/[[Mining]] -> [[Stone]], some of which is also [[Ore]] or [[Flux]] or [[Gem]]s or [[Coal]] or [[Lignite]]
:{{K|d}}esignate -> Mine

[[Chop down trees|Trees]] -> <I>[[Battle axe]]</I>/[[Wood cutter]] -> [[Wood]]
:{{K|d}} -> Chop Trees)

[[Wall]]s -> [[Engraving|Stone Detailing]] -> [[Room#Room_grades|Room Quality]]
:{{K|d}} -> Smooth Stone and {{K|d}} -> Engrave Stone
:Stone detailing increases the architectural value of floors and walls so improved. Boulders on the surface can also be smoothed so as to not impede wagon access.

[[Water]] -> [[Fishing]] -> Raw [[Fish]]
:{{K|i}} -> Fishing is performed from the bank immediately above and next to a water source. Defining an [[activity zone]] is optional.

Wild [[Animal]]s -> <I>[[Weapon]]</I>/[[Ambusher|Hunting]] -> [[Corpse]]s
:Dwarves will do this automatically without your input after the labour is enabled. [[Ambusher|Hunt]]ing can be a dangerous task; see the relevant article for details.

[[Shrub]]s -> [[Herbalist|Gather Plants]] -> [[Crop]]s
:Use {{K|d}} ->{{K|p}} to designate an area in which to gather.

== Secondary Products ==
:Only raw materials needed as input. Note that [[furnace]]s have a separate submenu from [[workshop]]s. Kennels and farm plots lack a submenu altogether.

[[Seed]] -> [[Farm plot]]/[[Farming|Farming (fields)]] -> [[Crop]]s

[[Crop]]s -> [[Food#Eating|Eating]] -> [[Seed]] x 2
:Note that [[muck root]]s do not have seeds.

Raw [[Fish]] -> [[Fishery]]/[[Fish cleaner|Fish Cleaning]] -> [[Fish]]

[[Corpse]] -> [[Butcher's shop]]/[[Butchery]] -> [[Meat]] (which is [[Food]]), [[Fat]], [[Skin]], [[Bone]]s, [[Skull]]s
[[Stone]] -> [[Mason's workshop]]/[[construction|Masonry]] -> [[Furniture]], and [[Block]]s; [[Quern]]s and [[Millstone]]s.

[[Stone]] -> [[Craftsdwarf's workshop]]/[[Craft#Crafts|Stonecrafting]] -> [[Craft]], [[Weapon|Short Sword]]

[[Stone]] -> [[Mechanic's workshop]]/[[Mechanics]] -> [[Mechanism]]

[[Wood]] -> [[Carpenter's workshop]]/[[construction|Carpentry]] -> [[Furniture]], [[Block]]s, [[Container|Barrels]], [[Container|Bins]], [[Bed]]s

[[Wood]] -> [[Craftsdwarf's workshop]]/[[Craft#Crafts|Woodcrafting]] -> [[Craft]], [[Bolt]]s

[[Wood]] -> [[Carpenter's workshop]]/[[Skills|Trapping]] -> [[Animal trap]]

[[Wood]] -> [[Bowyer's workshop]]/[[Bowyer]] -> [[Crossbow|Wooden Crossbow]]

[[Wood]] -> [[Wood furnace]]/[[Wood burner|Wood burning]] -> [[Charcoal|Fuel]]

[[Wood]] -> [[Wood furnace]]/[[Wood burner|Wood burning]] -> [[Ash]]

[[Wood]] -> [[Siege workshop]]/[[Siege engineer]] -> [[Siege engine]] parts and ammunition

== Other Products ==
===Animal Products===
Some [[Fish]] -> [[Food#Eating|Eating]] -> [[Shell]] and/or [[Bone]]

Wild [[Animal]] -> [[Animal trap]]/[[Trapping]] -> Captured [[Animal]]s

Tame [[Animal]]s -> [[Kennels]]/[[Animal training]] -> Trained [[Animal]]s
:Not all animals can be tamed. A [[Dungeon master]] is required to tame more exotic creatures.

Captured [[Animal]]s -> [[Kennels]]/[[Animal training]] -> Tame [[Animal]]s
:Only dogs can be trained without [[modding]].

Tame [[Animal]] -> [[Butcher's shop]]/[[Butchery]] -> [[Corpse]]
:{{K|z}}-Animals-Ready for Slaughter
:{{K|u}}->Select the Animal Unit->Set "Ready for Slaughter" to (Y) if there's a specific animal you want to set for slaughter. Note that pets cannot be slaughtered.

[[Fat]] -> [[Cooking]]/[[Kitchen]] -> [[Tallow]]

[[Tallow]], [[Lye]] -> [[Soaper]]/[[Alchemist's laboratory]] -> [[Soap]]
:[[Soap]] is a valuable [[trade|trade good]]. It is not used used to manufacture anything, but can be used for [[construction]].

[[Skin]] -> [[Tanner's shop]]/[[Tanner]] -> [[Leather]]

[[Leather]] -> [[Leather works]]/[[Leatherworking]] -> [[Armor]], [[Bag]]s, [[Backpack]]s, [[Clothing]], [[Decoration]], [[Quiver]]s, [[Waterskin]]s

[[Bone]] -> [[Craftsdwarf's workshop]]/[[Bone carving]] -> [[Craft]], [[Bolt]]s, [[Armor]], [[Decoration]]

[[Bone]] -> [[Bowyer's workshop]]/[[Bowyer]] -> [[Crossbow|Bone Crossbow]]

[[Shell]] -> [[Craftsdwarf's workshop]]/[[Bone carving]] -> [[Craft]], [[Decoration]], [[Armor]]

[[Skull]] -> [[Craftsdwarf's workshop]]/[[Bone carving]] -> [[Totem]]

=== Metal  ===
:The various "Magma" variants all require [[Magma]], and use less [[Refined coal|refined coal]] ("fuel") - no refined coal at all if you don't make steel.
:The reaction table for which Ores make which [[metal]]s and/or alloys is complex and beyond the scope of this article. See [[Ore]] for details.
:Metals often have unique properties and not all are suitable for all purposes; see the article for a given product for details.
:Material requirements for individual metal items vary. Detailing the exact material cost for every piece of furniture and equipment is beyond the scope of this article, but it is generally one bar for most items and one to three bars for armor and furniture.

[[Ore]] + [[Fuel]] -> [[Smelter]]/[[Smelting]] -> [[Metal|Metal bars]]

[[Ore]] x ? + [[Fuel]] -> [[Smelter]]/[[Smelting]] -> Various [[Alloy]]

[[Ore]] -> [[Magma smelter]]/[[Smelting]] -> [[Metal|Metal bars]]

[[Ore]] x ?  -> [[Magma smelter]]/[[Smelting]] -> Various [[Alloy]]

[[Lignite]] + [[Fuel]] -> [[Smelter]]/[[Smelting]] -> [[Coke]] x2

[[Lignite]] -> [[Magma smelter]]/[[Smelting]] -> [[Coke]] x2

[[Bituminous coal]] + [[Fuel]] -> [[Smelter]]/[[Smelting]] -> [[Coke]] x3
    
[[Bituminous coal]] -> [[Magma smelter]]/[[Smelting]] -> [[Coke]] x3

[[Iron]] + [[Flux]] + [[Fuel]] -> [[Smelter]] or [[Magma smelter]]/[[Smelting]] -> [[Pig iron]]

[[Pig iron]] + [[Iron]] + [[Flux]] + [[Fuel]] -> [[Smelter]] or [[Magma smelter]]/[[Smelting]] -> [[Steel]] x 2

:To stay in steady operation, smelt [[iron]] ore twice, then [[pig iron]] once, then [[steel]] bars once. The four operations together produce 2 steel. Magma halves the fuel cost but does not eliminate it.

[[Metal|Metal Bars]] + [[Fuel]] -> [[Smelter]]/[[Smelting]] -> [[Alloy]]

:Making alloys directly from ore whenever possible will save fuel.

[[Metal|Metal Bars]] + [[Fuel]] -> [[Metalsmith's forge]]/[[Metal crafter|Metal crafting]] or [[Blacksmith]]ing -> [[Furniture]], [[Craft]]s, [[Coin]]s

[[Metal]], [[Fuel]] -> [[Metalsmith's forge]]/[[Armorsmith]] -> [[Armor]]

[[Metal]], [[Fuel]] -> [[Metalsmith's forge]]/[[Weaponsmith]] -> [[Weapon]]

[[Metal]], [[Fuel]] -> [[Metalsmith's forge]]/[[Trapping]] -> [[Animal trap]]

[[Metal]] + [[Wood]] -> [[Siege workshop]]/[[Siege engineer]] -> Ballista arrowhead

=== Misc ===

Empty [[Bag]]s -> [[Glass furnace]] / [[Item hauling]] -> [[Sand]] 
:You need to assign the collect sand job to a glass furnace, AND designate a sand collection activity zone with {{K|i}}.

[[Sand]] -> [[Glass furnace]] / [[Glassmaker|Glassworking]] -> Raw [[green glass]] gems, [[Furniture]], [[Weapon|Trap components]]

[[Sand]] + [[Pearlash]] -> [[Glass furnace]] / [[Glassmaker|Glassworking]] -> Raw [[Clear glass]] gems, [[Furniture]], [[Weapon|Trap components]]

[[Rock crystal]] + [[Pearlash]] -> [[Glass furnace]] / [[Glassmaker|Glassworking]] -> Raw [[Crystal glass]] gems, [[Furniture]], [[Weapon|Trap components]]

[[Barrel]], [[Crop]]s -> [[Still]]/[[Brewing]] -> [[Alcohol]], [[Seed]]s

[[Seed]]s, [[Crop]]s, [[Meat]], [[Alcohol]], [[Fish]], [[Milk]], [[Cheese]], and/or [[Tallow]] -> [[Kitchen]]/[[Cooking]] -> [[Food#Prepared_food|Prepared Meals]]
: All byproducts ([[seed]]s, [[bone]]s, [[shell]]s, etc.) are destroyed by cooking. Use the {{K|z}} kitchen menu to set which items will be cooked and which will be saved. Dwarves will still eat items that are disabled from cooking to produce byproducts.

[[Crop]]s -> [[Farmer's workshop]]/[[Thresher|Threshing]] -> [[Thread]] + [[Seed]]s

[[Thread]] -> [[Loom]]/[[Weaver|Weaving]] -> [[Cloth]]

[[Cloth]] -> [[Clothier's shop]]/[[Clothier|Clothesmaking]] -> [[Clothing]], [[Bag]]s, [[Restraint]]s, [[Decoration]]

= Economic Management =
== Stockpiles ==
: Due to the way the interface works, the key to maintaining flow in your [[workshop]]s is to have properly positioned and well-maintained [[stockpile]]s.

: [[Clutter]] has a severe impact on productivity, so minimizing the dwarf-labor required to clear finished goods out of your workshops is key to maintaining their productivity. 

: It is also important, especially in a mature fortress with a division of labor, to have goods close at hand so that [[legendary]] dwarves don't have to walk all over the fortress to get what they need.

: One way to achieve this is to locate small stockpiles (3x3 suggested) near the workshop to hold the raw materials needed. By keeping the stockpiles small, less labour will be required to fill them. On the other hand, if they are too small, you risk running out before highly skilled dwarves finish their shifts! Furthermore, if you can make the stockpile larger than the total amount of material, and have a lot of idle hauling labor at the moment, a larger one can be more efficient.

: Specific guidelines follow.

=== Stone ===
: [[Stone]] is so abundant that you almost never need large stone stockpiles. If you want your [[stonecrafter]]s or [[mason]]s to use a choice variety of stone (such as [[obsidian]]), and have plenty of excess hauling labor, place a 3x3 or 4x4 stockpile near to the workshop, and restrict it to only a few high-value varieties of stone.
: Flux, Fuel and Ore are covered below.

=== Flux and Ore ===
: A handy flux stockpile is absolutely key to maintaining efficient throughput in making steel. Steel is very labor intensive to begin with and if your furnace operators have to go a long way to get materials, you're over and done.
: On the other hand, if you have any flux at all, it's probably marble and you probably have <B>lots</B> of it.
: So a large flux stockpile will divert all hauling labor into filling it up.
: Generally speaking, a 3x3 stockpile should be plenty, but keep it absolutely as close to your furnaces as possible.

: The same considerations apply with ore and furnace fuel, but larger stockpiles are generally less of a problem, because there aren't 800 units of ore to haul. A skilled furnace operator can smelt direct-use ores *very* quickly, so consider a large stockpile for ore once a high skill level is achieved.
: In general, a full time [[wood burner]] will produce more Charcoal and more [[ash]] than a set of magma furnaces (even making steel) will actually use, so you may want to allow the wood furnace to get cluttered and then shut it off; but you should still build a fuel stockpile.
: If you don't have magma you're going to be burning fuel like crazy.

=== Lumber ===
: Lumber takes a long time to haul down from the surface, so lumber stockpiles should be quite a bit larger, as this can introduce a significant lag in refilling them, you'll want some cushion.
: There's also a big labor input issue - either it takes even longer to haul from the surface, or it takes your intermediary dwarf a long time to get the lumber.
: In general, I recommend placing your lumber stockpile near the surface, and placing the lumber using workshops or furnaces as nearby as possible.
: This means it may take a long time to haul your ashes or charcoal to your forges for use, but that hauling job can be handled by a [[peasant]], while the Wood Burner has to haul the logs into the furnace himself.

=== Finished Goods ===
: Firstly, life without [[bin]]s is unlivable. If you have to make them out of metal, I suggest [[copper]] or [[lead]]. But few start locations are so [[wood]] deprived that one log is harder to come by than 3 metal bars. You'll want more bins than you can possibly make, so make as many as you can.
: Once you have bins, it becomes much easier to haul finished goods to your [[Trade depot|trade depot]], since the dwarves haul the bin with them. However, goods have to be hauled one at a time from the workshop and then placed in bins. I'm hoping that this is a high priority for change, since it's a major pain in the arse, but there you are. So, your finished goods stockpile should be as close to your workshops as possible, and you should only haul items to the trade depot once they've been placed in bins.
: If you have NO local wood source, one way to conserve your precious wood piles is to wait for caravans and buy all their cloth and leather bins. You'll get lots of cloth and leather products, which you should use, freeing up the bins for other uses.

=== Misc. Products ===

: [[Refined coal]] of every kind, as well as [[Ash]], [[Potash]] and [[Soap]], are classified and stored as bars.

{{Category|Economy}}