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| − | {{Quality|Superior|06:10, 17 May 2015 (UTC)}} | + | |
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| − | {{new in v0.42}}
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| − | {{Expand Topic}}
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| | [[File:Topics.svg|thumb|500px|A diagram of all knowledge topics.]] | | [[File:Topics.svg|thumb|500px|A diagram of all knowledge topics.]] |
| | | | |
| − | '''Topics''' (also '''Tech''' or '''Innovations''') are part of [[knowledge]]. | + | [[File:Announce_research_icon.png]] '''Topics''' (also '''Tech''' or '''Innovations''') are part of [[knowledge]]. |
| | | | |
| − | There are around 300 innovations that can be discovered. Many of them have requirements, and many do not, so it's kind of a tech forest/grassland rather than a tree. Notably missing are innovations related to practical labors in the game (which will be added later in development). Only the discovery of certain "form" type topics has any effect on gameplay, as it allows scholars to write new types of [[book]]s; star charts, atlases, dictionaries and various historical forms. | + | There are around 300 innovations that can be discovered. Many of them have requirements, and many do not, so it's kind of a tech forest/grassland rather than a tree. Notably missing are innovations related to practical labors in the game (which will be added later in development). Only the discovery of [[Book#Literary_Forms|literary form]] topics has any effect on gameplay, as it allows scholars to write new types of books. |
| | | | |
| | Several innovations require innovations from other branches, and since all knowledge is individually tracked, that implies some investigators will need to be at least well-read if not skilled in various topics (there aren't currently joint research projects). There are some old and new mechanisms in place to ensure this happens. | | Several innovations require innovations from other branches, and since all knowledge is individually tracked, that implies some investigators will need to be at least well-read if not skilled in various topics (there aren't currently joint research projects). There are some old and new mechanisms in place to ensure this happens. |
| | | | |
| | There are 9 "branches" of the knowledge system. Each branch is further divided into categories of topics, such as methodologies, theories, etc. | | There are 9 "branches" of the knowledge system. Each branch is further divided into categories of topics, such as methodologies, theories, etc. |
| | + | |
| | + | ==Discovering Topics== |
| | + | |
| | + | According to a [http://www.bay12forums.com/smf//index.php?topic=169696.msg8071983#msg8071983 Future of the Fortress reply]: |
| | + | <blockquote> |
| | + | Fortress [[scholars]] do activity cycles, the length of which is 1-2 days (whether they are pondering or discussing etc.) Once they get through 50 cycles, it rolls 0-50 vs. the number of completed cycles minus 50 to see if they get "breakthrough credit." So at 51, they have a 2% chance, and at 100, they have a 100% chance. Then, it resets the cycle number to zero and gives them breakthrough credit, based on a skill roll plus 100 (for discuss, the other researchers contribute half of their summed skill rolls.) Based on the difficulty (1-4) of the topic, total lifetime breakthrough credit is then assigned a number of 50-sided dice. An easy topic is dice=credit/2500, then /5000, then /10000, then /20000 for level 4 topics. The number of dice cannot exceed 10. Then roll these dice -- if you get a 50 on any of them, discovery! This is a bit archaic, and I'm not suggesting it works particularly well. But that is how it works. Also: if they fail to get the breakthrough after the 50-sided rolls, they have a 2% chance of switching topics, or if their credit exceeds 100000, they always switch topics (though they keep the credit, so returning to the topic later gives them a decent chance at breakthrough.) |
| | + | </blockquote> |
| | + | |
| | + | For unskilled roles, some initial back-of-the-envelope calculations and some rough estimates observed through dfHack gives a basic idea of just how long research can take. Note that player testing had found that the skill roll contributes a lot to the breakthrough credit. Even dabbling dwarves can gain over 2000 breakthrough credit at once and may average around 1000 breakthrough credit. Additionally the formula for the skill roll seems to have a very large spread, players have reported as low as 3000 breakthrough credit and as high as 25000 breakthrough credit awarded to a dwarf with legendary skill. Analytically calculating from the algorithm Toady gave, it takes an average of 58.54 cycles to get a breakthrough credit. Player testing has confirmed breakthrough credits typically take 55-65 cycles, so this calculation seems plausible. Likewise, player testing has not shown any correlation between skill level and number of cycles to get breakthrough credit. An unskilled dwarf might average around 120+ cycles to get their first breakthrough die for a level 1 topic. With only a single research die, it would take an average of 2528 cycles to get a breakthrough. Pondering takes slightly over 2 days per cycle, so this would be around 14 years. In a real fortress, the research dice and skill level will be increasing during the process. However, in a real fortress, the scholars will also need to take breaks to eat, drink, and meet other needs. A more reasonable estimate is around 5-10 years for a breakthrough starting with no skills. In short, research takes an unreasonably long time with an unskilled dwarf. |
| | + | |
| | + | To optimize for research, there are several ideas worth considering. Discussion is faster, taking only a single day, but requires at least 2 dwarves. [http://www.bay12forums.com/smf/index.php?topic=174850.msg8061426#msg8061426 Player testing] has found discussion also awards more XP, (0-5 for pondering vs. 15-30 for discussion). So to optimize research, dwarves should be separated by topic/skill, with unskilled dwarves paired with skilled dwarves. This way, discussions will be equally divided between increasing the skilled dwarf's cycle count and the unskilled dwarf's cycle count. Only half the cycles will go to the skilled dwarf's cycle count, but discussion only takes a single day, so this is at net the same speed for the skilled dwarf with the additional bonus of the unskilled dwarf's cycle count also being increased. Both dwarves benefit from the increased XP gain. |
| | + | |
| | + | Note that several topics benefit from skills that can be trained through faster means. Diagnostician and Wound Dresser can be trained through intentionally causing injuries or simply engaging in dangerous activities that require regular dwarf healthcare. Organizer can be trained through assigning make work to the manager, or Mechanic can be trained by spamming the creation of mechanisms. Skill level will increase much faster through these activities than through pondering or discussion. Thus, to optimize for producing breakthroughs in engineering topics, mechanics could first be quickly trained to a legendary within a year or two at only the cost of the stones for the mechanisms, and then assigned as a scholar. |
| | + | |
| | + | [http://www.bay12forums.com/smf/index.php?topic=174850.msg8061426#msg8061426 Player testing] has also found that [[visitors]] can come with research credits already done, thus, for forts aiming to maximize research, it makes sense to prioritize attracting wandering scholars. |
| | + | |
| | ==Astronomy== | | ==Astronomy== |
| − | {| class = "wikitable sortable" style="width: 60%"
| + | These topics are relevant to [[astronomer]]s. |
| − | ! scope="col" style="width: 25%;" | Topic
| + | |
| − | ! scope="col" style="width: 50%;" | Description
| + | {{/table/astronomy}} |
| − | ! scope="col" style="width: 25%;" | Wikipedia link
| |
| − | ! scope="col" style="width: 25%;" | Subdivision
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Empirical observation
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| − | |Methods of empirical observation in astronomy
| |
| − | |[[wikipedia:Empirical evidence|Empirical evidence]]
| |
| − | |Method
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Path models
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| − | |
| |
| − | |[[wikipedia:Orbit modeling|Orbit modeling]]
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| − | |Method
| |
| − | |-
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| − | |Astrography
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| − | | The creation of star charts
| |
| − | |[[wikipedia:Star chart|Star chart]]
| |
| − | |''n/a''
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Dates of lunar and solar eclipses
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| − | |
| |
| − | |[[wikipedia:Saros (astronomy)|Saros (astronomy)]]
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| − | |''n/a''
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Daylight variation with solar year
| |
| − | |The variation of daylight with the season
| |
| − | |[[wikipedia:Daytime#Daytime variations with latitude and seasons|Daytime § Daytime variations with latitude and seasons]]
| |
| − | |''n/a''
| |
| − | |-
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| − | |Geocentrism
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| − | |The theory that the sun moves around the world
| |
| − | |[[wikipedia:Geocentric model|Geocentric model]]
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| − | |''n/a''
| |
| − | |-
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| − | |Height of tides vs moon and sun
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| − | |The height of the tides, the moon and the sun
| |
| − | |[[wikipedia:Pytheas#Pytheas_on_the_tides|Pytheas § Pytheas on the tides]] and [[wikipedia:Tide|Tide]]
| |
| − | |''n/a''
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Heliocentrism
| |
| − | |The theory that the world moves around the sun
| |
| − | |[[wikipedia:Heliocentric model|Heliocentric model]]
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| − | |''n/a''
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Path of the moon
| |
| − | |The path of the moon
| |
| − | |[[wikipedia:Orbit of the Moon|Orbit of the Moon]]
| |
| − | |''n/a''
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Phases of the moon
| |
| − | |The phases of the moon
| |
| − | |[[wikipedia:Lunar phase|Lunar phase]]
| |
| − | |''n/a''
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Precession of equinoxes
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | |[[wikipedia:Axial precession|Axial precession]]
| |
| − | |''n/a''
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Relationship between lunar/solar year
| |
| − | |The relationship between the lunar and solar year
| |
| − | |[[wikipedia:Lunisolar calendar|Lunisolar calendar]]
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| − | |''n/a''
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Shape of the world
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | |[[wikipedia:Spherical Earth|Spherical Earth]]
| |
| − | |''n/a''
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Star catalogues 100
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | |[[wikipedia:Star catalogue|Star catalogue]]
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| − | |''n/a''
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Star catalogues 1000
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| − | |
| |
| − | |[[wikipedia:Star catalogue|Star catalogue]]
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| − | |''n/a''
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Star magnitude classification
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | |[[wikipedia:Magnitude (astronomy)|Magnitude (astronomy)]]
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| − | |''n/a''
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Stellar Spectroscopy
| |
| − | |The classification of stars based on the light they emit
| |
| − | |[[wikipedia:Astronomical spectroscopy|Astronomical spectroscopy]]
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| − | |''n/a''
| |
| − | |-
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| − | |Summer/winter moon
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| − | |The rise of the moon according to the season
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| − | |[[wikipedia:Lunar calendar|Lunar calendar]]
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| − | |''n/a''
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| − | |-
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| − | |Summer/winter sun
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| − | | The rise of the sun according to the season
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| − | |[[wikipedia:Solar calendar|Solar calendar]]
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| − | |''n/a''
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| − | |-
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| − | |Tides and the moon
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| − | | The relationship between the moon and the tides
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| − | |[[wikipedia:Seleucus_of_Seleucia#Tides|Seleucus of Seleucia § Tides]] and [[wikipedia:Tide|Tide]]
| |
| − | |''n/a''
| |
| − | |}
| |
| | | | |
| | ==Chemistry== | | ==Chemistry== |
| − | {| class = "wikitable sortable" style="width: 60%"
| + | These topics are relevant to [[chemist]]s. |
| − | ! scope="col" style="width: 25%;" | Topic
| + | {{/table/chemistry}} |
| − | ! scope="col" style="width: 50%;" | Description
| |
| − | ! scope="col" style="width: 25%;" | Wikipedia link
| |
| − | ! scope="col" style="width: 25%;" | Subdivision
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Adhesives
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| − | |The preparation and use of adhesive materials
| |
| − | |[[wikipedia:Adhesive|Adhesive]]
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| − | |Chemicals
| |
| − | |-
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| − | |Aqua regia
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| − | |The preparation of aqua regia
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| − | |[[wikipedia:Aqua regia|Aqua regia]]
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| − | |Chemicals
| |
| − | |-
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| − | |Oil of vitriol
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| − | |The preparation of oil of vitriol
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| − | |[[wikipedia:Sulfuric acid|Sulfuric acid]]
| |
| − | |Chemicals
| |
| − | |-
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| − | |Spirit of niter
| |
| − | |The preparation of spirit of niter
| |
| − | |[[wikipedia:Nitric acid|Nitric acid]]
| |
| − | |Chemicals
| |
| − | |-
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| − | |Alkali and acids
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| − | |The classification of alkali and acids
| |
| − | |[[wikipedia:pH|pH]]
| |
| − | |Classification
| |
| − | |-
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| − | |Combustibles
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| − | |The classification of combustible materials
| |
| − | |[[wikipedia:Combustibility|Combustibility]]
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| − | |Classification
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| − | |-
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| − | |Elemental theory
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| − | |The classification of materials based on which elemental materials might form them
| |
| − | |[[wikipedia:Classical element|Classical element]] or [[wikipedia:Atomic theory|Atomic theory]]
| |
| − | |Classification
| |
| − | |-
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| − | |Ores
| |
| − | |The classification of ores
| |
| − | |[[wikipedia:Ore|Ore]]
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| − | |Classification
| |
| − | |-
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| − | |Scratch test
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| − | |
| |
| − | |[[wikipedia:Scratch hardness|Scratch hardness]]
| |
| − | |Classification
| |
| − | |-
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| − | |Alembic
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| − | |The construction and use of the alembic
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| − | |[[wikipedia:Alembic|Alembic]]
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| − | |Laboratory
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| − | |-
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| − | |Blast furnace
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| − | |The construction and use of the blast furnace
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| − | |[[wikipedia:Blast furnace|Blast furnace]]
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| − | |Laboratory
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| − | |-
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| − | |Crucible
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| − | | The construction and use of the crucible
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| − | |[[wikipedia:Crucible|Crucible]]
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| − | |Laboratory
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| − | |-
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| − | |Lab ovens
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| − | |The construction and use of laboratory ovens
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| − | |[[wikipedia:Laboratory oven|Laboratory oven]]
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| − | |Laboratory
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| − | |-
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| − | |Systematic experiments
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| − | |Methods for performing experiments systematically in the laboratory
| |
| − | |[[wikipedia:Scientific method|Scientific method]]
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| − | |Laboratory
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| − | |-
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| − | |Theory of distillation
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| − | |The theory and methods involved in distillation
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| − | |[[wikipedia:Distillation|Distillation]]
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| − | |Laboratory
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| − | |-
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| − | |Theory of evaporation
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| − | |The theory and methods involved in evaporation
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| − | |[[wikipedia:Evaporation|Evaporation]]
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| − | |Laboratory
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| − | |-
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| − | |Theory of liquid-liquid extraction
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| − | |The theory and methods involved in the extraction of a constituent liquid from one solution to another
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| − | |[[wikipedia:Liquid–liquid extraction|Liquid–liquid extraction]]
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| − | |Laboratory
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| − | |-
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| − | |Ampoule
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| − | |The construction and use of the ampoule
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| − | |[[wikipedia:Ampoule|Ampoule]]
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| − | |Laboratory (glass)
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| − | |-
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| − | |Beaker
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| − | | The construction and use of the beaker
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| − | |[[wikipedia:Beaker (glassware)|Beaker]]
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| − | |Laboratory (glass)
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| − | |-
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| − | |Flask
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| − | | The construction and use of the flask
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| − | |[[wikipedia:Flask|Flask]]
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| − | |Laboratory (glass)
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| − | |-
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| − | |Funnel
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| − | |The construction and use of the funnel
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| − | |[[wikipedia:Funnel|Funnel]]
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| − | |Laboratory (glass)
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| − | |-
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| − | |Retort
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| − | |The construction and use of the retort
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| − | |[[wikipedia:Retort|Retort]]
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| − | |Laboratory (glass)
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| − | |-
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| − | |Vial
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| − | |The construction and use of the vial
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| − | |[[wikipedia:Vial|Vial]]
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| − | |Laboratory (glass)
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| − | |-
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| − | |Alloys
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| − | | The mixing of metals to produce alloys
| |
| − | |[[wikipedia:Alloy|Alloy]]
| |
| − | |Metallurgy
| |
| − | |}
| |
| | | | |
| | ==Engineering== | | ==Engineering== |
| − | {| class = "wikitable sortable" style="width: 60%"
| + | These topics are relevant to [[engineer]]s. |
| − | ! scope="col" style="width: 25%;" | Topic
| + | {{/table/engineering}} |
| − | ! scope="col" style="width: 50%;" | Description
| |
| − | ! scope="col" style="width: 25%;" | Wikipedia link
| |
| − | ! scope="col" style="width: 25%;" | Subdivision
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Armillary sphere
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| − | |The construction and use of armillary spheres
| |
| − | |[[wikipedia:Armillary sphere|Armillary sphere]]
| |
| − | |Astronomy
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Astrolabe
| |
| − | |The construction and use of the astrolabe
| |
| − | |[[wikipedia:Astrolabe|Astrolabe]]
| |
| − | |Astronomy
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Dioptra
| |
| − | |The construction and use of the dioptra
| |
| − | |[[wikipedia:Dioptra|Dioptra]]
| |
| − | |Astronomy
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Mural instrument
| |
| − | |The construction and use of a mural instrument or '''mural quadrant'''
| |
| − | |[[wikipedia:Mural instrument|Mural instrument]]
| |
| − | |Astronomy
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Orrery
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | |[[wikipedia:Orrery|Orrery]]
| |
| − | |Astronomy
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Spherical astrolabe
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | |[[wikipedia:Astrolabe|Astrolabe]]
| |
| − | |Astronomy
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Wood lamination
| |
| − | |The use of lamination
| |
| − | |[[wikipedia:Lamination|Lamination]]
| |
| − | |Construction
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Models and templates
| |
| − | |The use of models and templates in engineering
| |
| − | |[[wikipedia:Prototype|Prototype]] and [[wikipedia:Stencil|Stencil]]
| |
| − | |Design
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Archimedes principle
| |
| − | |The law of fluid displacement
| |
| − | |[[wikipedia:Archimedes' principle|Archimedes' principle]]
| |
| − | |Fluid
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Force pump
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | |[[wikipedia:Piston pump#Force pump|Piston pump § Force pump]]
| |
| − | |Fluid
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Theory of siphon
| |
| − | |The action of the siphon
| |
| − | |[[wikipedia:Siphon|Siphon]]
| |
| − | |Fluid
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Valves
| |
| − | |The construction and use of valves
| |
| − | |[[wikipedia:Valve|Valve]]
| |
| − | |Fluid
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Astrarium
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | |[[wikipedia:Astrarium|Astrarium]]
| |
| − | |Horology
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Conical water clock
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | |[[wikipedia:Water clock|Water clock]]
| |
| − | |Horology
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Hourglass
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | |[[wikipedia:Hourglass|Hourglass]]
| |
| − | |Horology
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Mechanical clock
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | |[[wikipedia:Clock#Early mechanical clocks|Clock § Early mechanical clocks]]
| |
| − | |Horology
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Shadow clock
| |
| − | |The use of shadows to tell direction and time
| |
| − | |[[wikipedia:Sundial|Sundial]]
| |
| − | |Horology
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Water clock
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| − | |The use of water-based devices to tell time
| |
| − | |[[wikipedia:Water clock|Water clock]]
| |
| − | |Horology
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Water clock reservoir
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| − | |The use of reservoirs in water-based clocks to improve their accuracy
| |
| − | |[[wikipedia:Zhang_Heng#Extra_tank_for_inflow_clepsydra|Zhang Heng § Extra tank for inflow clepsydra]]
| |
| − | |Horology
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Balance wheel
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | |[[wikipedia:Balance wheel|Balance wheel]]
| |
| − | |Machine
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Bellows
| |
| − | |The construction and use of the bellows
| |
| − | |[[wikipedia:Bellows|Bellows]]
| |
| − | |Machine
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Camshaft
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | |[[wikipedia:Camshaft|Camshaft]]
| |
| − | |Machine
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Chain drive
| |
| − | |The construction and use of chain drives
| |
| − | |[[wikipedia:Chain drive|Chain drive]]
| |
| − | |Machine
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Chariot odometer
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | |[[wikipedia:Odometer|Odometer]]
| |
| − | |Machine
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Combination lock
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | |[[wikipedia:Combination lock|Combination lock]]
| |
| − | |Machine
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Crank
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | |[[wikipedia:Crank (mechanism)|Crank (mechanism)]]
| |
| − | |Machine
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Crankshaft
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | |[[wikipedia:Crankshaft|Crankshaft]]
| |
| − | |Machine
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Differential gear
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | |[[wikipedia:Differential (mechanical device)|Differential (mechanical device)]]
| |
| − | |Machine
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Double acting piston bellows
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | |[[wikipedia:Bellows|Bellows]]
| |
| − | |Machine
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Lever
| |
| − | |The construction and use of the lever
| |
| − | |[[wikipedia:Lever|Lever]]
| |
| − | |Machine
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Mechanical compass
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | |[[wikipedia:Compass|Compass]]
| |
| − | |Machine
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Padlock
| |
| − | |The construction and use of the padlock
| |
| − | |[[wikipedia:Padlock|Padlock]]
| |
| − | |Machine
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | |Piston
| |
| − | |
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| − | |[[wikipedia:Piston pump#Force pump|Piston pump § Force pump]]
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| − | |Machine
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| − | |Pulley
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| − | |The construction and use of the pulley
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| − | |[[wikipedia:Pulley|Pulley]]
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| − | |Machine
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| − | |-
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| − | |Screw
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| − | |The construction and use of the screw
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| − | |[[wikipedia:Screw|Screw]]
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| − | |Machine
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| − | |-
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| − | |Straight beam balance
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| − | |The construction and use of the straight-beam balance
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| − | |[[wikipedia:Weighing scale#Mechanical balances|Weighing scale § Mechanical balances]]
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| − | |Machine
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| − | |-
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| − | |Theory of gears
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| − | |The reasons why gears are effective
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| − | |[[wikipedia:Gear|Gear]]
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| − | |Machine
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| − | |-
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| − | |Theory of lever
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| − | |The reasons why the lever is effective
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| − | |[[wikipedia:Lever|Lever]]
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| − | |Machine
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| − | |-
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| − | |Theory of pulley
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| − | |The reasons why pulleys are effective
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| − | |[[wikipedia:Pulley|Pulley]]
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| − | |Machine
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| − | |-
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| − | |Theory of screw
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| − | |The reasons why screws are effective
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| − | |[[wikipedia:Screw|Screw]]
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| − | |Machine
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| − | |-
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| − | |Theory of wedge
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| − | |The reasons why the wedge is effective
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| − | |[[wikipedia:Wedge (mechanical device)|Wedge]]
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| − | |Machine
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| − | |-
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| − | |Theory of wheel and axle
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| − | |The reasons why the wheel-and-axle construction is effective
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| − | |[[wikipedia:Wheel and axle|Wheel and axle]]
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| − | |Machine
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| − | |-
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| − | |Trip hammer
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| − | |
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| − | |[[wikipedia:Trip hammer|Trip hammer]]
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| − | |Machine
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| − | |-
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| − | |Tumbler lock
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| − | |The construction and use of the tumbler lock
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| − | |[[wikipedia:Pin tumbler lock|Pin tumbler lock]]
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| − | |Machine
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| − | |-
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| − | |Verge escapement
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| − | |The construction and use of the verge escapement
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| − | |[[wikipedia:Verge escapement|Verge escapement]]
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| − | |Machine
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| − | |-
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| − | |Warded lock
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| − | |The construction and use of the warded lock
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| − | |[[wikipedia:Warded lock|Warded lock]]
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| − | |Machine
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| − | |-
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| − | |Water-powered piston bellows
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| − | |
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| − | |[[wikipedia:Du_Shi#The_Water-Powered_Blast_Furnace|Du Shi § The Water-Powered Blast Furnace]]
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| − | |Machine
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| − | |-
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| − | |Water-powered sawmill
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| − | |
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| − | |[[wikipedia:Watermill|Watermill]]
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| − | |Machine
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| − | |-
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| − | |Water-powered trip hammer
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| − | |
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| − | |[[wikipedia:Trip hammer|Trip hammer]] and [[wikipedia:Water wheel|Water wheel]]
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| − | |Machine
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| − | |-
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| − | |Water wheel
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| − | |
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| − | |[[wikipedia:Water wheel|Water wheel]]
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| − | |Machine
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| − | |-
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| − | |Windlass
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| − | | The construction and use of the windlass
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| − | |[[wikipedia:Windlass|Windlass]]
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| − | |Machine
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| − | |-
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| − | |Atmospheric refraction
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| − | |
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| − | |[[wikipedia:Atmospheric refraction|Atmospheric refraction]]
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| − | |Optics
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| − | |-
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| − | |Camera obscura
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| − | |The construction and use of the camera obscura
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| − | |[[wikipedia:Camera obscura|Camera obscura]]
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| − | |Optics
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| − | |-
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| − | |Cause of twilight
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| − | |
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| − | |[[wikipedia:Atmospheric optics|Atmospheric optics]]
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| − | |Optics
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| − | |-
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