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{{buggy}}
 
{{buggy}}
  
[[File:tree_z_levels_v50.gif|thumb|225px|right|Ascending z-levels of a [[pear|pear tree]].]]
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[[File:tree_z_levels_v50.gif|thumb|225px|right|Ascending z-levels of a [[pear|pear tree]].]]'''Trees''' are a multi-[[tile]] feature that can be found aboveground on all but the most arid, or mountainous of maps, and below ground in the [[cavern]]s. The types of trees that grow in a given location depend on that location's [[biome]], as different species prefer different conditions. For example, tropical areas often have palm trees, while colder areas feature pines. Underground trees such as [[nether-cap]]s are an exception, as they will grow anywhere underground. The species of a tree in turn determines its properties, including its structure, the color and density of its wood and what kind of growths it produces. Note also that "trees" in ''Dwarf Fortress'' also covers things that are not actually trees, such as palms, cacti, large herbaceous plants (e.g. [[banana]]s), and large mushrooms (underground trees).
'''Trees''' are multi-[[tile]] [[plant]]s that can be found aboveground on all but the most arid or mountainous of maps, and below ground in the [[cavern]]s. The types of trees that grow in a given location depend on that location's [[biome]], as different species prefer different conditions. For example, tropical areas often have palm trees, while colder areas feature pines. Underground trees such as [[nether-cap]]s are an exception, as they will grow anywhere underground. The species of a tree in turn determines its properties, including its structure, the color and density of its wood and what kind of growths it produces. Note also that "trees" in ''Dwarf Fortress'' also covers things that are not actually trees, such as cacti, large herbaceous plants (e.g. [[banana]]s), and large mushrooms (underground trees).
 
 
{{Translation
 
{{Translation
 
| dwarven = dák
 
| dwarven = dák
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Graphically, vertical 1×1 trunk sections resemble wooden columns {{tile|O|6:0}}. The thicker trunks (2×2 and 3×3) are represented by rounded double-line structures. Above the first ground level the trunk may branch out, producing horizontal trunk sections that resemble wooden [[wall]]s {{tile|║|6:0}}. These can peter out into thick branches {{tile|│|6:0}} or end directly with branches {{tile|¼|2:0}}. The branches can extend further out, ending with twigs {{tile|;|2:0}}. A vertical trunk end, if not covered with a branch, is represented by a pointed cap {{tile|⌂|6:0}}.
 
Graphically, vertical 1×1 trunk sections resemble wooden columns {{tile|O|6:0}}. The thicker trunks (2×2 and 3×3) are represented by rounded double-line structures. Above the first ground level the trunk may branch out, producing horizontal trunk sections that resemble wooden [[wall]]s {{tile|║|6:0}}. These can peter out into thick branches {{tile|│|6:0}} or end directly with branches {{tile|¼|2:0}}. The branches can extend further out, ending with twigs {{tile|;|2:0}}. A vertical trunk end, if not covered with a branch, is represented by a pointed cap {{tile|⌂|6:0}}.
  
Root tiles ({{tile|¼|6:0}}) overlap a number of underground tiles below each tree. They can be designated for digging, but because they usually use the same brown colour as the mining designation rectangle, the designation is not evident (the only exceptions are trees with white roots). Some trees can have multiple tiles of roots, others just the one{{verify}}.
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Root tiles ({{tile|¼|6:0}}) overlap a number of underground tiles below each tree. They can be designated for digging, but because they usually use the same brown color as the mining designation rectangle, the designation is not evident (the only exceptions are trees with white roots). Some trees can have multiple tiles of roots, others just the one{{verify}}.
  
The dug-away roots of a tree can spawn twigs and fruits of the tree around them, if there is space and grass/cave moss there. This means you can, in principle, access fruit trees from below the tree, without putting a dwarf in danger or walling off the tree.  There are exceptions to the description above - [[Desert]] [[saguaro]]es don't have any leafy branches or twigs, just a trunk and thick branches. Nor do mushroom cap trees that grow in the caverns underground have branches - instead, they have a '''cap''' consisting of ramps that can be walked upon.
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Dug-away roots of a tree can spawn twigs and fruits of the tree around them if there is space and grass/cave moss there. You can in principle access fruit trees from below the tree, without putting a dwarf in danger or walling off the tree.
  
Trees can be [[climb]]ed in both fortress and [[adventurer mode]]. In densely wooded areas, the overlapping tree crowns can form a continuous canopy that can be traversed by walking, climbing and/or jumping. Both thick and regular branches provide a floor-like support for walking - twigs are too frail to support the weight of a dwarf, but they can be climbed through and jumped over. All kinds of trunk tiles, except trunk tips, are treated as solid barriers that can be climbed through and jumped over like twigs.
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There are exceptions to the description above. [[Saguaro]]s don't have any leafy branches or twigs, just a trunk and thick branches. Mushroom cap trees that grow in the caverns underground don't have branches - instead they have a '''cap''' consisting of ramps that can be walked upon.
  
On ground level, tree trunks are obstacles that prevent [[channel]]ing, or the creation of [[wall]]s and other [[construction]]s on their tiles. This is problematic for caravan [[wagon]]s, which require a path at least three tiles wide, in order to access your fortress; on heavily forested maps it may be necessary to check [[trade depot|depot]] access ({{k|D}}) every once in a while, as trees continue to grow, to make sure wagons can get through, and chop down ({{k|d}}-{{k|t}}) the impeding forest if they can't. Later on this can actually become a blessing, as if there is only one or a few pathways to the fortress, it makes it easier to route incoming caravans down certain pre-selected well-defended pathways, instead of allowing them to choose their own way across the map, where they may fall foul of ambushers or worse. It also makes building above-ground constructions more challenging, as any trees in the way must be chopped down first.
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Trees can be [[climb]]ed in both fortress and [[adventurer mode]]. In densely wooded areas, the overlapping tree crowns can form a continuous canopy that can be traversed by walking, climbing and/or jumping. Both thick and regular branches provide a floor-like support for walking. Twigs are too frail to support the weight of a dwarf, but they can be climbed through and jumped over. All kinds of trunk tiles are treated as solid barriers, except trunk tips - they can be climbed through and jumped over like twigs.
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On ground level, tree trunks are obstacles that prevent [[channel]]ing or the creation of [[wall]]s and other [[construction]]s on their tiles. This is problematic for caravan [[wagon]]s, which require a path at least three tiles wide in order to access your fortress; on heavily forested maps it may be necessary to check [[trade depot|depot]] access ({{k|D}}) every once in a while as trees continue to grow to make sure wagons can get through, and chop down ({{k|d}}-{{k|t}}) the impeding forest if they can't. Later on this can actually become a blessing, as if there is only one or a few pathways to the fortress it makes it easier to route incoming caravans down certain well-defended pathways, instead of allowing them to choose their own way across the map, where they may fall foul of ambushers or worse. It also makes building above-ground constructions more challenging, as any trees in the way must be chopped down first.
  
 
A tree's branches and leaves will result in the tiles below them being considered "inside", leading to the formation of [[miasma]] if corpse and body parts decay while under them. It is therefore advisable to ensure no trees grow in the immediate vicinity of your corpse stockpiles.
 
A tree's branches and leaves will result in the tiles below them being considered "inside", leading to the formation of [[miasma]] if corpse and body parts decay while under them. It is therefore advisable to ensure no trees grow in the immediate vicinity of your corpse stockpiles.
  
 
<gallery caption="Heights of a tree (ASCII mode)" widths="90px" heights="90px" perrow="5">
 
<gallery caption="Heights of a tree (ASCII mode)" widths="90px" heights="90px" perrow="5">
File:Tree-1.png|1 level below ground: roots in a [[red sand]] wall on the side of a hill
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File:Tree-1.png|1 level below ground: roots in a [[Red sand]] wall on the side of a hill
 
File:Tree0.png|Ground level: trunk
 
File:Tree0.png|Ground level: trunk
 
File:Tree+1.png|1 level above ground, trunk, branches and twigs
 
File:Tree+1.png|1 level above ground, trunk, branches and twigs
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=== Objects and tiles in trees ===
 
=== Objects and tiles in trees ===
  
Some trees have been found to have objects or tiles contained within the branches - cutting down these trees can be hazardous to your dwarves.  You can check all the z-levels of every tree you wish to cut, or just take the risk and experience occasional fun!
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Some trees have been found to have objects or tiles contained within the branches.  Cutting down these trees can be hazardous to your dwarves.  You can check all the z-levels of every tree you wish to cut, or you can just take the risk and experience occasional fun!
  
 
== Products ==
 
== Products ==
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Various kinds of tree produce fruit.  In [[dwarf fortress mode]], they can be gathered with a [[stepladder]] in a designated [[zone#Gather/pick Fruit|plant gathering zone]], and [[Elf|elves]] will also bring fruit to [[trading|trade]].  Fruit can be eaten, producing [[seed]]s.  The following trees produce usable fruit in vanilla: apple, apricot, avocado, banana, bayberry, bitter orange, carambola, cashew, cherry, citron, coconut palm, coffee, custard-apple, date palm, desert lime, durian, finger lime, guava, kumquat, lime, lychee, mango, olive, orange, papaya, paradise nut, peach, pear, persimmon, plum, pomegranate, pomelo, rambutan, round lime, saguaro, and sand pear. Not all of these can be brewed; see [[alcohol]] for a list of brewable fruit.
 
Various kinds of tree produce fruit.  In [[dwarf fortress mode]], they can be gathered with a [[stepladder]] in a designated [[zone#Gather/pick Fruit|plant gathering zone]], and [[Elf|elves]] will also bring fruit to [[trading|trade]].  Fruit can be eaten, producing [[seed]]s.  The following trees produce usable fruit in vanilla: apple, apricot, avocado, banana, bayberry, bitter orange, carambola, cashew, cherry, citron, coconut palm, coffee, custard-apple, date palm, desert lime, durian, finger lime, guava, kumquat, lime, lychee, mango, olive, orange, papaya, paradise nut, peach, pear, persimmon, plum, pomegranate, pomelo, rambutan, round lime, saguaro, and sand pear. Not all of these can be brewed; see [[alcohol]] for a list of brewable fruit.
  
Instead of fruit, some trees will produce nuts, which are actually seeds - since tree seeds currently can't be planted, feel free to allow cooking of these. The nut-producing trees in vanilla are: [[almond]], [[candlenut]], [[chestnut]], [[hazel]], [[macadamia]], [[oak]], [[pecan]], and [[walnut]].
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Instead of fruit, some trees will produce nuts, which are actually seeds. Since tree seeds currently can't be planted, feel free to allow cooking of these. The nut-producing trees in vanilla are: almond, candlenut, chestnut, hazel, macadamia, oak, pecan, and walnut.
  
 
== Growing trees ==
 
== Growing trees ==
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Saplings can be killed by heavy [[traffic|foot traffic]] and removed by building a road on them, but not by flooding &mdash; they can survive submergence for extended periods of time and will still grow to maturity once the water level drops to 4/7{{verify}} or lower. Dead saplings will remain for some seasons, and then disappear, more quickly if heavy traffic tramples them away. Many underground trees are called "young &lt;tree&gt;" instead of sapling, but the concept is the same. Paved [[road]]s and (even unbuilt) [[farm plot]]s periodically purge all terrain features below them, preventing trees (or shrubs) from growing in unwanted areas. Trees cannot grow on stairs or ramps, making it possible to keep trees out of your plumbing by using {{K|u}}p stairs instead of {{K|d}}igging (this does not reveal the tile above). Above-ground trees will only grow in areas where there is sufficient soil one z-level beneath them (currently observed to be at least one unmined tile within a two-tile radius); underground trees not only ignore this restriction for dry subterranean soil but will also grow on muddy subterranean stone.
 
Saplings can be killed by heavy [[traffic|foot traffic]] and removed by building a road on them, but not by flooding &mdash; they can survive submergence for extended periods of time and will still grow to maturity once the water level drops to 4/7{{verify}} or lower. Dead saplings will remain for some seasons, and then disappear, more quickly if heavy traffic tramples them away. Many underground trees are called "young &lt;tree&gt;" instead of sapling, but the concept is the same. Paved [[road]]s and (even unbuilt) [[farm plot]]s periodically purge all terrain features below them, preventing trees (or shrubs) from growing in unwanted areas. Trees cannot grow on stairs or ramps, making it possible to keep trees out of your plumbing by using {{K|u}}p stairs instead of {{K|d}}igging (this does not reveal the tile above). Above-ground trees will only grow in areas where there is sufficient soil one z-level beneath them (currently observed to be at least one unmined tile within a two-tile radius); underground trees not only ignore this restriction for dry subterranean soil but will also grow on muddy subterranean stone.
  
Trees ''cannot'' be specifically "planted" [http://www.bay12games.com/dwarves/dev.html as of yet]; even if a map is stripped of all trees, new saplings will regrow, randomly and in their own time. (Sadly, the [[elf|elves]] do not seem to comprehend this.) It is possible to [[tree farming|farm]] trees by walling off or engineering a patch of soil and locking it away so your dwarves don't trample all over it, but it will take a long time for the farm to yield results. After you expose the caverns, subterranean flora (including trees) will begin to grow on any exposed, previously-bare soil within your fortress; this can be annoying when a copse of [[blood thorn]]s suddenly appears in your [[sand#Glass|sand collection]] area, but allows you to easily mine out large subterranean [[Tree farming|tree farms]] full of colorful subterranean trees.
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Trees ''cannot'' be specifically "planted" ([http://www.bay12games.com/dwarves/dev.html as of yet]); even if a map is stripped of all trees, new saplings will regrow, randomly and in their own time. (Sadly, the [[elf|elves]] do not seem to comprehend this.) It is possible to [[tree farming|farm]] trees by walling off or engineering a patch of soil and locking it away so your dwarves don't trample all over it, but it will take a long time for the farm to yield results. After you expose the caverns, subterranean flora (including trees) will begin to grow on any exposed, previously-bare soil within your fortress; this can be annoying when a copse of [[blood thorn]]s suddenly appears in your [[sand#Glass|sand collection]] area, but allows you to easily mine out large subterranean [[Tree farming|tree farms]] full of colorful subterranean trees.
  
 
If a sapling grows into a tree, it can block off narrow areas, such as one-tile-long hallways in a muddy cavern layer.  This can cause dwarves to take longer alternate routes to perform their jobs, or entrap them entirely.
 
If a sapling grows into a tree, it can block off narrow areas, such as one-tile-long hallways in a muddy cavern layer.  This can cause dwarves to take longer alternate routes to perform their jobs, or entrap them entirely.
 
{{clear}}
 
{{clear}}
  
One can grow additional tree branches by digging away parts of tree roots and replacing them with grass or cave moss. Afterwards, when the tree grows, it may spread (fruit-bearing) branches there.
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One can grow additional tree branches by digging away parts of tree roots and replacing them with grass or cave moss. Afterwards, when tree grows, it may spread (fruit-bearing) branches there.
  
 
== Growth rate & wood yield ==
 
== Growth rate & wood yield ==
From the time a sapling appears, it takes about three and a half ''months'' for a tree to grow. Trees make a growth check once every year, and then grow randomly - it's possible for a tree to reach eight z-levels of height in a decade, not have gone past five in three, or avoid growing branches at all initially.
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From the time a sapling appears, it takes about three years for a tree to grow. Trees make a growth check once every year, and then grow randomly - it's possible for a tree to reach eight z-levels of height in a decade, not have gone past five in three or avoid growing branches at all initially.
  
 
Most tree raws currently specify exactly the same canopies. They'll yield more wood overall with sparser cutting, though the breakeven point is unknown presently. Each "tree trunk" tile will yield exactly one log, while light branches, twigs and (brown) heavy branches will give nothing. The size of aboveground trees at embark depends heavily on unknown factors beyond age and species; possibly temperature, latitude or biome?{{Verify}}
 
Most tree raws currently specify exactly the same canopies. They'll yield more wood overall with sparser cutting, though the breakeven point is unknown presently. Each "tree trunk" tile will yield exactly one log, while light branches, twigs and (brown) heavy branches will give nothing. The size of aboveground trees at embark depends heavily on unknown factors beyond age and species; possibly temperature, latitude or biome?{{Verify}}
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For wood, branching trees with nonbranching trunks (Papayas, Ginkgos, Saguaros, Pines, Cedars, Fungiwoods, Alders, and Birches) should be cut down preferentially, as their branches will obscure saplings and their trunks grow slower. They will not yield any more wood past reaching their maximum trunk height (4-9 depending on species). Vice-versa, Glumprong trees are near-ideal for forestry, as they're all trunk, though their max height is limited to 8.
 
For wood, branching trees with nonbranching trunks (Papayas, Ginkgos, Saguaros, Pines, Cedars, Fungiwoods, Alders, and Birches) should be cut down preferentially, as their branches will obscure saplings and their trunks grow slower. They will not yield any more wood past reaching their maximum trunk height (4-9 depending on species). Vice-versa, Glumprong trees are near-ideal for forestry, as they're all trunk, though their max height is limited to 8.
  
Palm trees don't obscure other ones with their canopies, so should be cut when wood is needed, or when they reach their maximum height of 9.
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Palm trees don't obscure other ones with canopies, so should be cut when wood is needed or when they reach their maximum height of 9.
  
 
== Aboveground trees ==
 
== Aboveground trees ==
Most of them bear fruits and nuts, which can be [[Activity zone#Gather/Pick Fruit|harvested]] for food and drinks.
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Most of them bear fruits and nuts, which can be [[Activity zone#Gather/Pick Fruit|harvested]] for food and drinks. At this time, only the ASCII graphics of the trees are shown in the following table, and not the [[premium version]]'s graphics.
 
 
  
 
<!-- default template (see Template:Multi-tile_tree_table_row for more details)
 
<!-- default template (see Template:Multi-tile_tree_table_row for more details)
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{{multi-tile tree table row|name=Papaya|symbol=Γ|color=2:0|decid=No|biome=Any Tropical|dry=y|dense=0.130
 
{{multi-tile tree table row|name=Papaya|symbol=Γ|color=2:0|decid=No|biome=Any Tropical|dry=y|dense=0.130
 
   |drink=Papaya wine|drinkv=10|eat=y|cook=y
 
   |drink=Papaya wine|drinkv=10|eat=y|cook=y
   |graphic=[[File:papaya_trunk_sprite.png]]
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   |graphic=[[File:coffee_trunk_sprite.png]]
 
   |grow1={{tile|♠|2:0}} leaf
 
   |grow1={{tile|♠|2:0}} leaf
 
   |grow2={{tile|♣|7:1}} flower
 
   |grow2={{tile|♣|7:1}} flower
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{{multi-tile tree table row|name=Ginkgo|symbol=↑|color=2:0|decid=Yes|biome=Any Temperate|dry=y|dense=0.450
 
{{multi-tile tree table row|name=Ginkgo|symbol=↑|color=2:0|decid=Yes|biome=Any Temperate|dry=y|dense=0.450
 
   |eat=y|cook=y
 
   |eat=y|cook=y
   |grow1={{tile|♠|2:0}}{{tile|♠|6:1}} leaf
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   |grow1={{tile|♠|2:0}}{{tile|♠|6:1}}{{tile|♠|4:1}}{{tile|♠|4:0}} leaf
 
   |grow2={{tile|*|6:0}} pollen catkin
 
   |grow2={{tile|*|6:0}} pollen catkin
 
   |grow3={{tile|%|7:1}} seed
 
   |grow3={{tile|%|7:1}} seed
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{{multi-tile tree table row|name=Larch|symbol=↑|color=2:0|decid=Yes|biome=Taiga|biome2=Temperate Coniferous Forest|dry=y|dense=0.590
 
{{multi-tile tree table row|name=Larch|symbol=↑|color=2:0|decid=Yes|biome=Taiga|biome2=Temperate Coniferous Forest|dry=y|dense=0.590
 
   |eat=n|cook=n
 
   |eat=n|cook=n
   |grow1={{tile|*|2:0}}{{tile|*|6:1}} needle
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   |grow1={{tile|*|2:0}}{{tile|*|6:1}}{{tile|*|4:1}}{{tile|*|4:0}} needle
 
   |grow2={{tile|*|6:0}} seed cone
 
   |grow2={{tile|*|6:0}} seed cone
 
   |grow3={{tile|*|2:0}} pollen cone
 
   |grow3={{tile|*|2:0}} pollen cone
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:<sup>2</sup> Anything that can be cooked is edible afterwards.
 
:<sup>2</sup> Anything that can be cooked is edible afterwards.
 
:<sup>3</sup> These trees do not produce wood when cut.
 
:<sup>3</sup> These trees do not produce wood when cut.
:<sup>4</sup> These trees' only edible raw product is seed, which dwarves will not currently eat raw despite the tag.
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:<sup>4</sup> These trees only edible raw product is seed, which dwarves will not currently eat raw despite the tag.
  
 
== Underground trees ==
 
== Underground trees ==
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==Trivia==
 
==Trivia==
*It is possible for animals to be stuck up in trees at the moment of embarking. This will cause them to starve to death after a while as they have no means of getting down, so the player should check higher z-levels above the wagon once the playing area is generated, and immediately cut down any trees animals are stuck in.
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*It is possible for animals to be stuck up in trees at the moment of embarking. This will cause them to starve to death after a while as they have no means of getting down. So the player should check higher z-levels above the wagon once the playing area is generated, and immediately cutting down any trees animals are stuck in.
 
{{Plants}}
 
{{Plants}}
  

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