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Difference between revisions of "40d:Water wheel"

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{{quality|Exceptional|16:44, 4 August 2011 (UTC)}}{{av}}
 
{{Machine_component|name=Water wheel|key=w
 
{{Machine_component|name=Water wheel|key=w
 
|construction=
 
|construction=
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* 3 [[Wood]]
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A '''water wheel''' is a [[machine component]] that provides [[power]] via [[water flow]]. To build a water wheel, select {{key|b}}uild menu and choose {{key|M}}achine components. It requires 3 [[wood]] and generates 90 net power, which can be used for operating a [[Screw pump|pump]] or [[mill]]. You can use [[axle]]s and [[Gear assembly|gear]]s to access the power produced by a water wheel, or connect machinery like a [[Screw pump|pump]] or [[millstone]] directly.
  
−
A '''water wheel''' is a [[machine component]] that provides [[power]] via [[water]] flow. To build a water wheel, select {{key|b}}uild menu and choose {{key|M}}achine components. It requires 3 [[wood]] and generates 100 power, which can be used for operating a [[pump]] or [[mill]]. Use [[axle]]s and [[Gear assembly|gear]]s to access the power produced by a water wheel.  
+
Waterwheels have quality levels for both design and building. These can be checked from the {{k|r}}oom screen by moving to the entry and pressing enter.
 +
 
 +
Waterwheels do ''not'' work with waterfalls, nor in magma - it takes water that is flowing according to the DF use of the term.
 +
 
 +
''For a basic overview of how the different machine parts work and work together, see [[machinery]].''
  
 
== Construction ==
 
== Construction ==
 +
The [[Building_designer|architecture]] and [[Carpenter|carpentry]] labors are needed for the construction.
 +
 +
A water wheel occupies 3 adjacent tiles (N-S or E-W axis, no diagonals).
 +
 +
Although you can build a stable water wheel on solid ground, this isn't going to do you any good. For this reason, water wheels are almost exclusively built in a hanging state with gaps in the floor below. To do this the water wheel must be attached to a nearby machine component. In order to function, a water wheel must attach to other ''pre-existing'' machine components only on either side of its center tile.
 +
 +
[[Power]] is generated from a water wheel as long as it has [[water_flow|flowing]] water at a depth of 4/7 or greater under at least one of its tiles. The easiest way to achieve this is by placing the water wheel over a [[river]] or [[brook]]. With a [[brook]] you must first channel through the surface since brooks have a floor of sorts over them.
 +
 +
You can transport the power wherever it is needed via horizontal and vertical axles and gear assemblies. It is possible to support a waterwheel by building its center next to a preexisting water wheel's center.
 +
 +
==Brook==
 +
Intuitively one would place a water wheel in a river, but they can also be powered if placed over [[brook]] tiles, but '''only if''' you first dig through the surface of the brook. Dig a [[channel]] three tiles long, right on the brook. The water wheel will sit above this channel.
 +
 +
== Channels ==
 +
 +
Any direct connection to a [[river]] or [[brook]] that has [[Water_flow|flow]] (some do not) will power a waterwheel, even if it's a dead end. A floodgate in the channel will not block this flow either. Diagonals do not prevent direct flow from a natural water source. A channel connected to a murky pool will not suffice unless you engineer some sort of [[Water_wheel#Perpetual_motion|perpetual motion]] machine.
 +
 +
==Designs==
  
−
Water wheels must be built on water or [[river]] tiles. They can also be powered if placed over [[brook]] tiles, but '''only if''' you first dig through the surface of the brook. Build a [[channel]] at least one tile long.  The water wheel will sit above this channel, but you cannot place it yet -- it has no support.  Build an axle or gear assembly next to the tile where the center of the water wheel will be.  Now you can build the waterwheel.  Power will be generated once a channel tile under the water wheel is filled with water at a depth of four or greater.  You can transport the power wherever it is needed via horizontal and vertical axles and gear assemblies. It is possible to support a waterwheel by building its center next to a preexisting waterwheel's center.
 
−
In order for the water wheel to generate power, there needs to be a water flow in one of the three tiles beneath it.
 
  
 
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This is by no means the limit of water power from one location, depending on the width of your river/brook/channel you can stack many waterwheels side-by-side (really big assembles will need to be artificial as there's a limit to how wide the game created water flows get). Just remember to make sure there's a support structure in place before you place the next wheel.
  
 
== Perpetual motion ==
 
== Perpetual motion ==
  
−
Due to the low power draw of a [[screw pump]], a self-powering assembly can be made with a water wheel that still leaves plenty of excess power for other uses. This is an [[exploit]], and possibly a bug.
+
Due to the relatively low power draw of a [[screw pump]], a ''self-powering'' assembly can be made with a water wheel that still leaves plenty of excess power for other uses. This is an [[exploit]] (violating basics principles of physics), and possibly a bug, but this is also Dwarf Fortress, so...
 +
 
 +
To get it working, you must start the pump manually.*
 +
 
 +
:''(* Exceptions are [[aquifer]]s, which can sometimes have naturally occurring [[flow]].  This is sometimes a good thing, because then a wheel simply works by itself - or a bad thing, if, for example, you want the wheel to '''not''' provide any power while you build a pump adjacent to it. It's not clear what causes an aquifer to have flow and then keep it - it's difficult to replicate reliably, and can be lost with additional [[channel]]ing, so designs will have to be adapted if such are found.)''
  
−
A simple design is available at [http://www.bay12games.com/cgi-local/ultimatebb.cgi?ubb=get_topic&f=11&t=000946 this forum post].
+
It is good to have a ready source of water to refill the machine, as water tends to escape and evaporate, and once the water falls below a certain level, the machine stops. Below an earlier level, the power supply becomes intermittent.  
−
<br /><br />
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:'''Key:'''<br />
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'''*REMEMBER TO BUILD THE HORIZONTAL AXLE OR GEAR ASSEMBLY BEFORE THE WATER WHEEL*'''
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<font color="#777">+ </font>    = '''Floor'''
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|+'''Perpetual Motion Design #2'''
 
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|style="color: #FFFFFF; padding: 0"|║
 
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|- style="font-family: monospace; font-weight: bold; font-size: 135%"
 
−
|style="color: #FFFFFF; padding: 0"|║
 
−
|style="color: #777; padding: 0"|+
 
−
|style="color: #970; padding: 0"|W
 
−
|style="color: #808000; padding: 0"|=
 
−
|style="color: #00FF00; padding: 0"|X
 
−
|style="color: #777; padding: 0"|+
 
−
|style="color: #FFFFFF; padding: 0"|║
 
−
|- style="font-family: monospace; font-weight: bold; font-size: 135%"
 
−
|style="color: #FFFFFF; padding: 0"|║
 
−
|style="color: #777; padding: 0"|+
 
−
|style="color: #970; padding: 0"|W
 
−
|style="color: #777; padding: 0"|+
 
−
|style="color: #808000; padding: 0"|_
 
−
|style="color: #777; padding: 0"|+
 
−
|style="color: #FFFFFF; padding: 0"|║
 
−
|- style="font-family: monospace; font-weight: bold; font-size: 135%"
 
−
|style="color: #FFFFFF; padding: 0"|║
 
−
|style="color: #777; padding: 0"|+
 
−
|style="color: #808000; padding: 0"|_
 
−
|style="color: #777; padding: 0"|+
 
−
|style="color: #808000; padding: 0"|_
 
−
|style="color: #777; padding: 0"|+
 
−
|style="color: #FFFFFF; padding: 0"|║
 
−
|- style="font-family: monospace; font-weight: bold; font-size: 135%"
 
−
|style="color: #FFFFFF; padding: 0"|║
 
−
|style="color: #777; padding: 0"|+
 
−
|style="color: #808000; padding: 0"|_
 
−
|style="color: #808000; padding: 0"|_
 
−
|style="color: #808000; padding: 0"|_
 
−
|style="color: #777; padding: 0"|+
 
−
|style="color: #FFFFFF; padding: 0"|║
 
−
|- style="font-family: monospace; font-weight: bold; font-size: 135%"
 
−
|style="color: #FFFFFF; padding: 0"|║
 
−
|style="color: #777; padding: 0"|+
 
−
|style="color: #777; padding: 0"|+
 
−
|style="color: #777; padding: 0"|+
 
−
|style="color: #777; padding: 0"|+
 
−
|style="color: #777; padding: 0"|+
 
−
|style="color: #FFFFFF; padding: 0"|║
 
−
|- style="font-family: monospace; font-weight: bold; font-size: 135%"
 
−
|style="color: #FFFFFF; padding: 0"|╚
 
−
|style="color: #FFFFFF; padding: 0"|═
 
−
|style="color: #FFFFFF; padding: 0"|=
 
−
|style="color: #FFFFFF; padding: 0"|=
 
−
|style="color: #FFFFFF; padding: 0"|=
 
−
|style="color: #FFFFFF; padding: 0"|=
 
−
|style="color: #FFFFFF; padding: 0"|╝
 
−
|}
 
 
<br />
 
<br />
−
'''Key'''
+
<font color="#970">W</font> = '''Water Wheel'''
 
<br />
 
<br />
−
'''Wall: ║ ═ ╠ ╝ ╚ ╔ ╗ ╣ ╩'''
+
<font color="#777">*</font>  = '''Gear Assembly'''
 
<br />
 
<br />
−
'''Floor: <font color="#777">+</font>'''
+
<font color="#808000">═</font> = '''Axle E/W'''
 
<br />
 
<br />
−
'''Water Wheel: <font color="#970">W</font>'''
+
<font color="#808000">║</font> = '''Axle N/S'''
 
<br />
 
<br />
−
'''Gear Assembly: <font color="#C0C0C0">*</font>'''
+
<font color="#00FF00">X</font><font face="Arial" color="#008000">X</font> = '''Pump from west'''
 
<br />
 
<br />
−
'''Axle E/W: <font color="#808000">═</font>'''
+
<font color="#808000">_</font> = '''Channel'''
 
<br />
 
<br />
−
'''Axle N/S: <font color="#808000">║</font>'''
+
<font color="#808000">X</font> = '''Closed Water Source Opening'''
 +
 
 +
'''*REMEMBER TO BUILD AN ADJACENT PUMP, HORIZONTAL AXLE OR GEAR ASSEMBLY BEFORE THE WATER WHEEL*'''
 +
 
 +
===Design #1===
 +
{|
 +
|'''Upper<br /> Level'''
 +
|'''Lower<br /> Level'''
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
{| style="border: 0; border-spacing:0; background: #000; font-family: monospace; font-weight: bold; font-size: 135%"
 +
|-
 +
|style="color: #000; padding: 0"|█
 +
|style="color: #000; padding: 0"|█
 +
|style="color: #000; padding: 0"|█
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|╔
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|═
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|╗
 +
|style="color: #000; padding: 0"|█
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|style="color: #000; padding: 0"|█
 +
|style="color: #000; padding: 0"|█
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|╔
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|╝
 +
|style="color: #888; padding: 0"|+
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|╚
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|╗
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|style="color: #000; padding: 0"|█
 +
|style="color: #000; padding: 0"|█
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|║
 +
|style="color: #888; padding: 0"|▼
 +
|style="color: #888; padding: 0"|+
 +
|style="color: #888; padding: 0"|+
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|║
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|style="color: #000; padding: 0"|█
 +
|style="color: #000; padding: 0"|█
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|╠
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|═
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|╗
 +
|style="color: #888; padding: 0"|+
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|║
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|style="color: #000; padding: 0"|█
 +
|style="color: #000; padding: 0"|█
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|║
 +
|style="color: #880; padding: 0"|X
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|║
 +
|style="color: #888; padding: 0"|+
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|║
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|style="color: #000; padding: 0"|█
 +
|style="color: #000; padding: 0"|█
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|╠
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|═
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|╝
 +
|style="color: #888; padding: 0"|+
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|║
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|╔
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|═
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|╝
 +
|style="color: #888; padding: 0"|+
 +
|style="color: #888; padding: 0"|+
 +
|style="color: #888; padding: 0"|+
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|║
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|║
 +
|style="color: #888; padding: 0"|+
 +
|style="color: #080; padding: 0"|X
 +
|style="color: #0F0; padding: 0"|X
 +
|style="color: #880; padding: 0"|_
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|╔
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|╝
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|║
 +
|style="color: #880; background: #FFF; padding: 0"|W
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|O
 +
|style="color: #880; padding: 0"|║
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|╔
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|╝
 +
|style="color: #000; padding: 0"|█
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|║
 +
|style="color: #880; background: #FFF; padding: 0"|W
 +
|style="color: #880; padding: 0"|═
 +
|style="color: #CCC; padding: 0"|*
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|║
 +
|style="color: #000; padding: 0"|█
 +
|style="color: #000; padding: 0"|█
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|║
 +
|style="color: #880; background: #FFF; padding: 0"|W
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|╔
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|═
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|╝
 +
|style="color: #000; padding: 0"|█
 +
|style="color: #000; padding: 0"|█
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|╚
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|═
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|╝
 +
|style="color: #000; padding: 0"|█
 +
|style="color: #000; padding: 0"|█
 +
|style="color: #000; padding: 0"|█
 +
|style="color: #000; padding: 0"|█
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|style="color: #000; padding: 0"|█
 +
|style="color: #000; padding: 0"|█
 +
|style="color: #000; padding: 0"|█
 +
|style="color: #000; padding: 0"|█
 +
|style="color: #000; padding: 0"|█
 +
|style="color: #000; padding: 0"|█
 +
|style="color: #000; padding: 0"|█
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
|
 +
{| style="border: 0; border-spacing:0; background: #000; font-family: monospace; font-weight: bold; font-size: 135%"
 +
|-
 +
|style="color: #000; padding: 0"|█
 +
|style="color: #000; padding: 0"|█
 +
|style="color: #000; padding: 0"|█
 +
|style="color: #000; padding: 0"|█
 +
|style="color: #000; padding: 0"|█
 +
|style="color: #000; padding: 0"|█
 +
|style="color: #000; padding: 0"|█
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|style="color: #000; padding: 0"|█
 +
|style="color: #000; padding: 0"|█
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|╔
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|═
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|╗
 +
|style="color: #000; padding: 0"|█
 +
|style="color: #000; padding: 0"|█
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|style="color: #000; padding: 0"|█
 +
|style="color: #000; padding: 0"|█
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|║
 +
|style="color: #CCC; padding: 0"|▲
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|║
 +
|style="color: #000; padding: 0"|█
 +
|style="color: #000; padding: 0"|█
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|style="color: #000; padding: 0"|█
 +
|style="color: #000; padding: 0"|█
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|╠
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|═
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|╣
 +
|style="color: #000; padding: 0"|█
 +
|style="color: #000; padding: 0"|█
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|style="color: #000; padding: 0"|█
 +
|style="color: #000; padding: 0"|█
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|║
 +
|style="color: #880; padding: 0"|X
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|║
 +
|style="color: #000; padding: 0"|█
 +
|style="color: #000; padding: 0"|█
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|style="color: #000; padding: 0"|█
 +
|style="color: #000; padding: 0"|█
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|║
 +
|style="color: #888; padding: 0"|+
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|║
 +
|style="color: #000; padding: 0"|█
 +
|style="color: #000; padding: 0"|█
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|╔
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|═
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|╝
 +
|style="color: #888; padding: 0"|+
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|╚
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|╗
 +
|style="color: #000; padding: 0"|█
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|║
 +
|style="color: #888; padding: 0"|+
 +
|style="color: #888; padding: 0"|+
 +
|style="color: #888; padding: 0"|+
 +
|style="color: #888; padding: 0"|+
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|║
 +
|style="color: #000; padding: 0"|█
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|║
 +
|style="color: #888; padding: 0"|+
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|╔
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|╗
 +
|style="color: #888; padding: 0"|+
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|║
 +
|style="color: #000; padding: 0"|█
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|║
 +
|style="color: #888; padding: 0"|+
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|║
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|║
 +
|style="color: #888; padding: 0"|+
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|║
 +
|style="color: #000; padding: 0"|█
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|║
 +
|style="color: #888; padding: 0"|+
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|╚
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|╝
 +
|style="color: #888; padding: 0"|+
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|║
 +
|style="color: #000; padding: 0"|█
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|║
 +
|style="color: #888; padding: 0"|+
 +
|style="color: #888; padding: 0"|+
 +
|style="color: #888; padding: 0"|+
 +
|style="color: #888; padding: 0"|+
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|║
 +
|style="color: #000; padding: 0"|█
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|╚
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|═
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|═
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|═
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|═
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|╝
 +
|style="color: #000; padding: 0"|█
 +
|}
 +
|}
 +
'''<span style="color:#080">X</span><span style="color:#0F0">X</span>''' = '''Pumps from east'''
 +
 
 
<br />
 
<br />
−
'''Pump from west: <font color="#00FF00">X</font><font face="Arial" color="#008000">X</font>'''
+
 
 +
===Design #2===
 +
This uses a simple oval as a waterway. Changes to the design to fill that may be needed.
 +
Expect spillage from the pump outlet.
 +
 
 +
{| style="border: 0; border-spacing:0; background: #000; font-family: monospace; font-weight: bold; font-size: 135%"
 +
|-
 +
|style="color: #000; padding: 0"|█
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|╔
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|═
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|╗
 +
|style="color: #000; padding: 0"|█
 +
|style="color: #000; padding: 0"|█
 +
|style="color: #000; padding: 0"|█
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|╔
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|╝
 +
|style="color: #CCC; padding: 0"|▲
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|╚
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|═
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|═
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|╗
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|║
 +
|style="color: #888; padding: 0"|+
 +
|style="color: #888; padding: 0"|+
 +
|style="color: #888; padding: 0"|+
 +
|style="color: #888; padding: 0"|+
 +
|style="color: #888; padding: 0"|+
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|║
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|║
 +
|style="color: #888; padding: 0"|+
 +
|style="color: #07F; padding: 0"|≈
 +
|style="color: #07F; padding: 0"|≈
 +
|style="color: #07F; padding: 0"|≈
 +
|style="color: #888; padding: 0"|+
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|║
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|║
 +
|style="color: #888; padding: 0"|+
 +
|style="color: #880; padding: 0"|W
 +
|style="color: #888; padding: 0"|+
 +
|style="color: #080; padding: 0"|X
 +
|style="color: #888; padding: 0"|+
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|║
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|║
 +
|style="color: #888; padding: 0"|+
 +
|style="color: #880; padding: 0"|W
 +
|style="color: #880; padding: 0"|═
 +
|style="color: #0F0; padding: 0"|X
 +
|style="color: #888; padding: 0"|+
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|║
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|║
 +
|style="color: #888; padding: 0"|+
 +
|style="color: #880; padding: 0"|W
 +
|style="color: #888; padding: 0"|+
 +
|style="color: #07F; padding: 0"|≈
 +
|style="color: #888; padding: 0"|+
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|║
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|║
 +
|style="color: #888; padding: 0"|+
 +
|style="color: #07F; padding: 0"|≈
 +
|style="color: #07F; padding: 0"|≈
 +
|style="color: #07F; padding: 0"|≈
 +
|style="color: #888; padding: 0"|+
 +
|style="color: #FFF; padding: 0"|║
 +
 
 +
|-
 +